Magis Roman Fort

Magis Roman Fort, locally known as Kastell Magis, is one of the lesser-known yet fascinating remnants of Roman Britain. Nestled in the pastoral landscape of Workington, Cumberland, this ancient fort offers a unique glimpse into the Roman military strategy and daily life on the fringes of the Roman Empire. The fort was a crucial part of a coastal defense system designed to protect the western flank of Hadrian's Wall from potential invaders.

The Historical Significance of Magis Roman Fort

The Magis Roman Fort dates back to the mid-2nd century AD, a period when the Romans were consolidating their control over the northern territories of Britain. The fort is strategically located on Burrow Walls, near the mouth of the River Derwent, and was part of a network of fortifications that stretched along the Cumbrian coast. This network included other forts such as Alauna (Maryport) to the north and Gabrosentum (Moresby) to the south, all connected by a coastal road.

The fort's primary purpose was to prevent the bypassing of Hadrian's Wall by sea and to guard against raids from the Irish Sea. It was also a base for Roman auxiliary troops, who played a vital role in maintaining Roman control over the region. The fort's original name, Magis, is derived from the Celtic word magos, meaning field or plain, reflecting its location on a flat, open landscape.

Exploring the Ruins

Although much of the fort's structure has been lost to time and the elements, the remaining ruins provide a tantalizing glimpse into its past. Visitors can still see the remnants of the fort's defensive walls, which were originally about 2.4 meters thick. These walls would have enclosed a rectangular area typical of Roman forts, measuring approximately 90 by 122 meters, covering an area of about 1.1 hectares.

One of the most intriguing features of the site is the remnants of a medieval hall or tower, built using stones from the original Roman fortifications. This structure, believed to have been constructed during the Norman period, indicates the site's continued strategic importance long after the Romans had left Britain.

Archaeological Discoveries

The Magis Roman Fort has been the subject of several archaeological investigations, which have uncovered a wealth of artifacts and information about its history. In the 16th century, the ruins were first described by the antiquarian William Camden. Since then, various excavations have revealed Roman inscriptions, pottery fragments, and even human skeletons.

One of the most significant finds was a damaged altar discovered on the north bank of the River Derwent. The altar, dedicated by a Roman named Aurelius and another individual named Secundus, features depictions of the goddess Minerva and the hero Hercules. Another notable discovery was a stone slab with the letters S L A N, although its exact meaning remains a mystery.

In 1955, a small excavation led by Richard Bellhouse and Brian Blake uncovered late Roman ceramics, indicating that the fort was still in use during the 4th century. Additionally, aerial photographs taken in 1976 have provided further insights into the fort's layout and structure.

The Life of a Roman Soldier at Magis

Life at Magis Roman Fort would have been both challenging and rewarding for the Roman soldiers stationed there. The fort was likely garrisoned by auxiliary troops, who were non-citizen soldiers recruited from various parts of the Roman Empire. These soldiers would have been responsible for maintaining the fort's defenses, patrolling the coastline, and engaging in construction projects.

The fort would have included standard Roman military buildings such as the principia (headquarters), praetorium (commander's house), horrea (granaries), and barracks for the soldiers. There would also have been workshops, kitchens, and latrines, making the fort a self-sufficient community.

The Surrounding Area

The area around Magis Roman Fort is rich in history and natural beauty. The fort is located near the Siddick Pond Nature Reserve, offering visitors the chance to explore the local wildlife and scenic landscapes. The nearby town of Workington provides additional historical sites and amenities for travelers.

Although there is no direct evidence of a civilian settlement (vicus) or a cemetery near the fort, it is likely that such structures existed. The presence of a harbor on the north bank of the River Derwent suggests that the fort was an important hub for trade and communication during the Roman period.

Visiting Magis Roman Fort

Today, Magis Roman Fort is a peaceful and evocative site, perfect for those interested in Roman history and archaeology. While the ruins may not be as well-preserved as some other Roman sites in Britain, they offer a unique and intimate connection to the past. The fort's rural setting provides a tranquil backdrop for reflection and exploration.

In conclusion, Magis Roman Fort is a hidden gem in the landscape of Roman Britain. Its ruins tell the story of a time when the Roman Empire extended its reach to the farthest corners of the known world. Visitors to this site can walk in the footsteps of Roman soldiers, imagine the bustling life within the fort's walls, and appreciate the historical significance of this ancient stronghold.