Het Hert, a windmill with a rich history and a striking presence, stands proudly in Putten, Netherlands. Constructed in 1899, this windmill replaced an earlier wooden octagonal mill that had been destroyed by fire. The original wooden structure hailed from the Zaan region but found its new home in Putten, where it continues to be a beacon of local heritage and traditional milling practices.
The name Het Hert translates to The Deer, a reference to the municipal coat of arms emblazoned on the mill. This stellingmolen, or tower mill, is characterized by its stone lower structure and a wooden, thatched upper section. The mill's design includes three gallery doors, and it houses two pairs of millstones. These stones are still operational and used for different purposes: one pair grinds grain for human consumption, while the other processes feed for livestock. The millstones are made of artificial stone, with the pair for human consumption crafted from flintstone, featuring a self-sharpening mechanism that ensures efficient grinding.
In its early days, Het Hert also had a third pair of millstones used to grind dried oak bark into tanbark. Over the years, the mill has undergone several restorations to preserve its structural integrity and functionality. Notably, in 1991, the mill's cap was fitted with an English-style winding mechanism, replacing the earlier system of iron rollers. This upgrade, along with other significant restorations in 1933, 1965, and 1991, has helped maintain Het Hert as a working mill and a historical landmark.
Visitors to Het Hert can expect a journey through time as they explore this iconic windmill. The mill's location at Halvinkhuizerweg 1 in Putten makes it easily accessible, and it stands as the sole survivor of the original three mills in the area. As you approach the mill, you'll be greeted by its impressive sails and the sound of the wind turning the blades.
Inside, the mill's mechanics are a marvel of engineering. The upper shaft, made of cast iron, is a critical component of the mill's operation. Although the manufacturer's details are obscured by the fittings that secure the upper wheel, the shaft's lubrication with lard and the use of beeswax on the gear teeth are traditional practices that have stood the test of time. The mill's brake, known as the Flemish brake, is operated by a lever and consists of five blocks, ensuring the mill can be safely stopped when needed.
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One of the highlights of a visit to Het Hert is witnessing the milling process in action. The mill's transmission ratio is 1:6.95, meaning the upper wheel's 60 cogs and the upper pinion's 34 cogs cause the main vertical shaft to rotate 1.76 times faster than the upper shaft. This intricate system ensures the millstones grind at the optimal speed. The lower wheel has 126 cogs, and the stone pinions have 32 staves, resulting in the stone pinions rotating 3.94 times faster than the main vertical shaft and 6.95 times faster than the upper shaft.
The mill's hoisting mechanism, used to lift sacks of grain, consists of a fork wheel, hoist axle, and hoist table. This traditional setup allows the miller to efficiently transport grain to the upper levels for processing. The millstones, with their self-sharpening grooves, ensure a consistent and high-quality grind, whether for flour or animal feed.
Het Hert is not just a static monument; it is a living piece of history that continues to serve its community. The mill is still used to grind grain such as barley, maize, and wheat, providing both consumable products and feed for livestock. This ongoing use keeps the mill's heritage alive and offers visitors a unique glimpse into traditional milling practices.
The mill's ownership has passed through several hands since its construction. Initially owned by H. van de Poll from 1899 to 1944, it remained in the van de Poll family until 2004. Today, the mill is managed by the heirs of G.A.W. van de Poll, who continue to oversee its operation and maintenance.
Throughout its history, Het Hert has undergone numerous restorations to preserve its functionality and historical significance. The 1933 restoration streamlined the sails with Dekker sails, which were later replaced by Fauel system sails with brake flaps in 1965. The 1991 restoration was particularly extensive, involving the replacement of the rods and fencing, the tail, the gallery, the winding mechanism, and the thatched covering. In November 2009, the windshaft and stone bed were replaced, and the heads of the main beams were reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polyester rods and epoxy resin.
A visit to Het Hert offers a unique opportunity to explore a working windmill and learn about the traditional milling practices that have shaped the region's history. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an engineering aficionado, or simply looking for a picturesque and educational outing, Het Hert promises a memorable experience. The mill's enduring presence and ongoing operation make it a cherished landmark in Putten, embodying the resilience and ingenuity of Dutch milling heritage.
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