St. Francis Xavier Church in Parkersburg, West Virginia, stands as a beacon of history and architectural splendor. This historic church, located at 532 Market Street, is not only the oldest church building in Parkersburg but also one of the four original churches of the Diocese of Wheeling. With its rich history, stunning Romanesque Revival architecture, and vibrant parish community, St. Francis Xavier Church offers a unique glimpse into the spiritual and cultural heritage of the region.
Wood County, originally part of Virginia, saw its first Catholic settlers in the early 19th century. The Joseph family, who arrived around 1815, established a small Catholic settlement near Belleville, about 10 miles south of Parkersburg. This burgeoning community attracted missionary visits from Rev. James Reid of the Diocese of Cincinnati, Ohio, starting in 1835. The first recorded Catholic baptisms in Wood County took place on June 4, 1836, when Father Reid baptized Henry Joseph and Daniel Wigal.
In September 1841, Bishop Richard Vincent Whelan of Richmond, Virginia, visited the Catholic families in Wood County. Recognizing the need for a church and a resident priest, Bishop Whelan laid the groundwork for what would become St. Francis Xavier Church. The completion of the Northwest Turnpike (US 50) and the Staunton Pike (State Route 47), along with the construction of the B & O railroad line to Parkersburg, brought an influx of Irish Catholic immigrants to the area, further solidifying the need for a dedicated place of worship.
On June 1, 1845, Bishop Whelan appointed Father Austin Grogan to minister to the Catholics in Parkersburg and Wood County. A lot on Market Street was purchased in 1847 for the purpose of building Parkersburg's first Catholic church. The cornerstone for this small brick church was laid on October 27, 1849, and by April 1850, the church was sufficiently completed and dedicated. This humble structure served the spiritual needs of twelve families, who constituted the charter congregation. Father Robert Lawrence was appointed as the first resident pastor.
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As the Catholic population in Parkersburg grew, the need for a larger church became evident. In 1858, additional lots were purchased on Market Street for a school and rectory. Under the leadership of Father Henry Parke, who was appointed pastor in 1859, the parish expanded its educational offerings with a school for boys and an academy for girls. The parish name was changed from Saint Mary's to St. Francis Xavier in 1859.
Following the Civil War, plans for a new, larger church were set in motion. Patrick Charles Keely, a prominent Irish-Catholic architect from New York, was selected to design the new St. Francis Xavier Church. Keely's Romanesque Revival design featured an imposing structure with a 200-foot bell tower. Construction began in August 1867, and despite delays in obtaining quality building materials, the cornerstone was laid on May 9, 1869. The church was completed and dedicated on October 2, 1870, at a final cost of $59,930.05.
One of the most striking features of St. Francis Xavier Church is its murals, considered some of the most significant examples of ecclesiastical art in West Virginia. These murals, created by Daniel Muller of Munich, Germany, are renowned for their three-dimensional, bas-relief style known as trompe l'oeil. Muller, who had previously worked on other churches designed by Patrick Keely, brought his artistic expertise to Parkersburg, creating murals that continue to inspire awe and reverence.
Today, St. Francis Xavier Church serves a vibrant parish community of over 375 families and more than 1,000 individuals. The parish also shares staff with St. Monica Parish in nearby Lubeck, which comprises 42 families. The church supports two Catholic schools: Parkersburg Catholic Elementary School, serving pre-school through grade 5, and Parkersburg Catholic High School, serving students in grades 6 through 12. Under the guidance of Father John Rice, the current pastor, the parish continues to thrive, offering spiritual nourishment and community support to its members.
Visitors to St. Francis Xavier Church can expect to be captivated by its historical significance, architectural beauty, and serene atmosphere. The church's Romanesque Revival design, with its towering bell tower and intricate details, stands as a testament to the faith and dedication of the early Catholic community in Parkersburg. Inside, the stunning murals and beautifully crafted altar provide a space for reflection and admiration.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a place of peace and spirituality, St. Francis Xavier Church in Parkersburg is a must-visit destination. As you explore this historic gem, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural and spiritual heritage that has shaped the community for over a century.
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