The Stadtkirche Unser lieben Frauen, or Church of Our Lady, is a striking example of late Gothic architecture nestled in the charming town of Mittweida, Saxony. This historic church, perched high above the city, not only dominates the skyline but also holds a significant place in the hearts of locals and visitors alike. With its rich history, intricate design, and spiritual significance, it’s a must-visit for anyone exploring this picturesque region of Germany.
The origins of the Stadtkirche Unser lieben Frauen date back to 1303, making it a site steeped in centuries of history. The church underwent significant changes after a devastating fire in 1450, which led to a partial reconstruction. Interestingly, the sacristy from the original structure, located north of the choir, survived and remains a testament to its medieval roots.
As you explore the church, you'll notice the influence of other regional churches, particularly in the design of the newly built choir, which was completed around 1476. The construction of the nave continued into the 16th century, culminating in the addition of the west tower with its charming turret chamber, built between 1516 and 1522.
The Stadtkirche Unser lieben Frauen is a three-aisled, four-bay hall church constructed from plastered rubble masonry. Its architectural elegance is evident in the various forms of net vaulting that adorn the interior. The two-aisled choir, which encompasses the nave and the southern aisle, concludes with a seven-sided polygon, offering a unique visual appeal.
The north aisle of the choir, a remnant from the predecessor building, is lower and features stone galleries. The exterior of the choir is adorned with rich tracery windows and a finely articulated facade, reminiscent of the churches in Rochlitz. This asymmetrical choir solution is also seen in the Marienkirche in Angermünde, showcasing a blend of regional architectural styles.
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Inside, the church houses an impressive three-part altar ensemble crafted in 1661 by Valentin Otte and Johann Richter from Meissen. The altar's predella features a relief depicting the Last Supper, while above it, a painting of Christ at the Mount of Olives is framed by angels on consoles. The central niche holds an Ecce Homo figure, flanked by niches with representations of the Evangelists set against painted architectural illusions.
The altar's flanks are adorned with painted depictions of Abraham's sacrifice and Samson with the gates of Gaza. The altar's crowning glory includes angels bearing the instruments of Christ's Passion, with images of the Brazen Serpent and the story of Jonah above the sides, culminating in a Crucifixion group topped by the Salvator Mundi.
The pulpit, originally painted in vibrant colors, was crafted from sandstone in 1667 by Abraham Conrad Buchau. It features a seated figure of Moses supporting the basket and a carved Mercy Seat on the sounding board. The pulpit's spiral staircase winds around a pillar, with niches on the basket's parapet depicting the major prophets between Corinthian columns, while the staircase railing showcases the minor prophets.
A sacrament house made from Rochlitz porphyry tuff, dating back to around 1450, remains a highlight. Its design features a narrow base with sprawling vinework, topped by a niche flanked by prophet figures. The structure is crowned by a five-panel, tiered setup with pinnacles and angel figures in the side spandrels.
The church's organ, originally built by Friedrich Ladegast in 1880, features a neo-Gothic case and was expanded to 72 registers by Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden, with further refinements by Eule Orgelbau in 2009. This majestic instrument offers a rich auditory experience that complements the church's serene ambiance.
Surrounding the church is a fortified churchyard, complete with numerous interconnected underground storage spaces, or rock cellars, carved into the rock. These spaces were originally used for storing grain and equipment or as refuges, accessible from the north and west sides of the churchyard and from outside the wall.
In conclusion, the Stadtkirche Unser lieben Frauen is not just a place of worship but a living museum of art, architecture, and history. Its blend of Gothic elegance and artistic treasures make it an essential stop for anyone visiting Mittweida. As you wander through its hallowed halls, you’ll find yourself transported back in time, experiencing the rich tapestry of history that has unfolded within its walls.
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