Palace of Camposagrado

The Palace of Camposagrado, known locally as Palacio del Marqués de Camposagrado, is a remarkable and historic landmark nestled in the charming town of Mieres, located in the Asturias region of Spain. This noble residence, with its rich history and architectural splendor, stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Baroque period and the noble lineage that once inhabited its walls. Today, it serves as the seat of the Instituto de Educación Secundaria Bernaldo de Quirós and houses a museum showcasing an impressive collection of paintings and sculptures. The Palace of Camposagrado is a must-visit for anyone interested in history, architecture, and art.

The History of the Palace of Camposagrado

The origins of the Palace of Camposagrado can be traced back to a medieval tower that once stood on the site. This circular tower, built in the 13th century, served a defensive and fiscal purpose, overseeing the passage over a nearby bridge and collecting tolls. The tower was strategically positioned near the ancient Camino de Castilla, a route that followed the path of a Roman road. Over time, the tower's defensive role diminished, and it became part of a larger noble residence known as the Casa Nueva, constructed in the early 15th century by Juan Bernaldo de Quirós, a nobleman who served the kings Enrique III and Juan II.

The Casa Nueva, described in historical documents as a casa fuerte, or fortified house, laid the foundation for what would later become the grand Baroque palace. In the third quarter of the 17th century, Gutierre Bernaldo de Quirós, the first Marqués de Campo Sagrado, undertook a significant reconstruction of the residence, giving it the Baroque features that still define its appearance today. The palace's design includes four wings arranged around a central square courtyard, with galleries supported by twelve Tuscan columns. The four corners of the palace are reinforced by towers, with the southwest tower being cylindrical and crenellated, while the other three are square and covered with hipped roofs.

Architectural Features

The Palace of Camposagrado is a fine example of unadorned Baroque architecture, characterized by its elegant simplicity and harmonious proportions. The main façade, facing east, is particularly striking. It features a central entrance framed by an arch with the inscription Después de Dios la casa de Quirós (After God, the house of Quirós). Flanking the entrance are two pilasters that support a molded lintel, forming the base of a balcony adorned with an iron railing. Above the balcony, a large stone coat of arms is prominently displayed. This coat of arms, although altered during the post-war period, originally bore the emblem of the Quirós family. The intricate carvings and decorative elements on the façade add a touch of grandeur to the otherwise restrained Baroque design.

Historical Significance

Throughout its history, the Palace of Camposagrado has been a witness to numerous significant events and has hosted many notable figures. In the late 18th century, the palace became a frequent residence for the illustrious Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, a prominent Spanish statesman, writer, and philosopher. Jovellanos often stayed at the palace while overseeing the construction of the Camino Real de Castilla and the bridge of Santullano. His visits are well-documented in his diaries, providing a fascinating glimpse into the life and times of this influential figure.

The palace also played a role in the tumultuous events of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1858, Queen Isabel II of Spain stayed at the palace during her visit to Asturias, hosted by José María Bernaldo de Quirós y Llanes, the seventh Marqués de Campo Sagrado. The palace continued to be a center of social and political activity, reflecting the changing fortunes of the noble family and the region.

Modern Usage and Preservation

In the 20th century, the Palace of Camposagrado underwent significant changes. In 1927, the property was acquired by the Municipality of Mieres and subsequently served various purposes, including as a military barracks and a children's home. Unfortunately, the palace suffered damage during the Spanish Civil War and required extensive restoration. In 1943, a comprehensive reconstruction effort was undertaken, which included the addition of a third floor and the replacement of the medieval tower with a concrete structure. Despite these alterations, the palace retained its Baroque character.

In 1960, the palace was repurposed as an educational institution, becoming the Instituto de Educación Secundaria Bernaldo de Quirós. The building was further restored and modernized in the early 21st century, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Today, the palace not only serves as a center of learning but also houses a museum that showcases a diverse collection of art, offering visitors a chance to explore the cultural heritage of the region.

The Palace of Camposagrado stands as a symbol of Mieres' noble past and its enduring legacy. Its walls echo with the stories of centuries gone by, from medieval times to the present day. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the Palace of Camposagrado is sure to be a memorable and enriching experience.