De Koe

In the charming town of Ermelo, nestled in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands, stands a majestic windmill known as De Koe. This iconic structure, built in 1863, serves as a testament to Dutch engineering prowess and the rich cultural heritage of the region. As you approach the windmill, its towering presence and intricate design immediately capture your attention, inviting you to delve into its fascinating history and the vital role it has played in the community.

The History of De Koe

De Koe, translating to The Cow, is a classic example of a Dutch corn and peeling mill. Its construction began in the mid-19th century, featuring a wooden octagonal design perched on a sturdy brick base. The mill's eight-sided structure, made from Douglas fir, weighs approximately 29 tons, while its cap, excluding the sails, adds another 14 tons. These impressive dimensions highlight the craftsmanship and ingenuity of its builders.

The windmill's journey through time has been marked by periods of prosperity, decline, and revival. In 1953, De Koe underwent its first restoration, but just four years later, milling operations ceased. By 1972, the mill had deteriorated to the point where its sails had to be removed. The structure was repurposed as a discotheque named Besimill, a far cry from its original function. However, this transformation was short-lived, and in 1990, a devastating fire reduced the mill to its brick foundation.

In 2008, a restoration project breathed new life into De Koe. The brick base was meticulously restored, and a new wooden octagonal structure was erected. The cap, now equipped with shortened tie beams, was installed along with the sails, marking the mill's return to its former glory. On December 12, 2008, De Koe was officially reopened, symbolizing resilience and the enduring spirit of the Ermelo community.

Exploring De Koe

Visiting De Koe offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and witness traditional milling techniques in action. The mill is equipped with two sets of grinding stones for milling grain, a peeling set for barley, and a set for grinding oak bark. The peeling set is strategically located on an intermediate floor to prevent debris from flying around in case of stone breakage. The oak bark set is situated on the floor below the grinding floor, driven by a long stone spindle connected to the main wheel.

One of the mill's grinding sets features a governor, directly driven by the main spindle, ensuring precise and efficient milling. Today, De Koe grinds malt for the local brewery and animal feed for nearby farmers. The mill also houses a sifting installation and a bolter, both powered by the mill's mechanisms, showcasing the versatility and ingenuity of traditional milling technology.

Adjacent to De Koe is Het Pakhuis, an archaeological museum and nature education center that opened in August 2010. This facility complements the windmill experience by offering insights into the region's natural history and archaeological discoveries. Together, De Koe and Het Pakhuis provide a comprehensive and educational experience for visitors of all ages.

The Mechanics of De Koe

The sails of De Koe span an impressive 23.50 meters, featuring single-strike Dutch blades with rounded profiles at the nose. The timing of the brake flaps' opening is adjusted using tension springs before the mill begins to turn. Some hinge points are fitted with bicycle pedals, a resourceful adaptation made during World War II when only these axles were available.

The cast-iron upper shaft, produced by the Geraedts Iron Foundry, is topped with a cap and fitted with a friction plate at the end. The sails, numbered 170 (outer sail) and 171 (inner sail), were crafted by the Vaags company from Aalten. The cap rotates on an azobe wooden track and is turned using a winch and cable system. However, the cap is quite heavy and requires two people to operate.

The brake, or vang, is controlled from the mill's platform using a lever. The hoisting mechanism is a drag hoist, with the light beam resting on a hook when not in use. These intricate mechanical systems highlight the complexity and precision of traditional windmill engineering.

The Restoration and Ownership of De Koe

De Koe's restoration journey is a testament to the dedication and passion of its caretakers. The mill has seen several owners over the years, each contributing to its preservation and revival. From its initial construction by R. Rikkers and A.E. Rikkers in 1863 to its current stewardship by the De Koe Mill Foundation, the windmill has been a cherished landmark in Ermelo.

The restoration efforts in 2008 were particularly significant, involving the placement of a new wooden octagonal structure and the installation of the cap and sails. The mill's reopening in December 2008 was a momentous occasion, celebrated with an open day and an official ceremony by the Commissioner of the Queen in Gelderland, Clemens Cornielje.

Conclusion

De Koe in Ermelo is more than just a windmill; it is a symbol of the town's rich history, resilience, and community spirit. Its towering presence and intricate design continue to captivate visitors, offering a glimpse into the past and the enduring legacy of Dutch milling traditions. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a lover of traditional craftsmanship, or simply looking for a unique and educational experience, De Koe is a must-visit destination in the heart of Gelderland.