In the heart of Bienne, Switzerland, stands a remarkable testament to the city's rich history and architectural charm: the Old Crown, known locally as Alte Krone. This grand edifice, constructed between 1574 and 1582, is a stunning example of late medieval secular architecture, blending Renaissance and Gothic elements. It was crafted by Laurent Perroud and occupies a site steeped in history, once home to the old town hall and two residential buildings.
The Old Crown was commissioned by the city of Biel in 1574 to serve as a grand guesthouse, a role it fulfilled by 1582. Its imposing size, stepped gable, and distinctive stair tower set it apart from other secular buildings of the time. Over the centuries, it has witnessed numerous transformations and ownership changes, each leaving its mark on the building's character.
In 1657, the property transitioned to private ownership before being acquired in 1732 by the Zunft zu Waldleuten, a local guild. This purchase marked the beginning of several renovations, including a Baroque-style facelift of the Brunngasse facade. Despite these changes, the large cellar remained largely untouched, preserving a piece of its original charm.
The Old Crown's architecture is a fascinating blend of styles. Its initial design drew inspiration from the new town hall built in 1534 on the castle grounds. The south facade, with its round-arched openings, is largely original, adorned with Hauterive limestone window frames and continuous cornices. The building's place in history is further emphasized by its two unequal stepped gables and a polygonal stair tower, enhanced during World War I renovations to reflect the Neuchâtel Renaissance style.
The tower itself is topped with a high spire, adding to the building's majestic silhouette. The entrance is flanked by two herms and a tablet inscribed above the lintel, while the interior boasts mannerist window columns and decorative paintings, with stucco work dating back to around 1915.
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In 1915, the city of Biel purchased the Old Crown, undertaking extensive renovations to restore its Gothic facade. These efforts were part of a broader initiative to preserve the building's historical integrity while adapting it for modern use. The building housed the administration and shop of the Biel Electricity Works (EWB) until 1962, when the EWB moved to a new location.
Further renovations in 1991 and 1992 aimed to restore the original facade colors, combining light gray-white plaster with dark gray for the base and ochre for cornices, door and window frames, pillars, and corners. During these restorations, a metal box was discovered in the tower's roof ball, containing brass plates from 1579 with information about important officials and the prices of grain and wine at the time. These artifacts were added to the city's cultural collection, with a new plaque documenting the early 1990s era placed in their stead.
Today, the Old Crown is recognized as a cultural landmark of national significance, protected by a government decree in 1915 and officially listed in the canton of Bern's building inventory in 2003. Its rooms are managed by Biel's cultural department, serving as a venue for events and cultural activities.
Visitors to the Old Crown can immerse themselves in a rich tapestry of history and culture. The building's storied past, architectural beauty, and cultural significance make it an essential stop for anyone exploring Bienne. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Old Crown offers a captivating glimpse into the past, inviting you to discover the stories etched into its walls.
Among the many notable figures who have passed through the Old Crown's doors is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who stayed there in 1779. His visit adds a layer of literary intrigue to the building's already rich history, connecting it to the broader cultural currents of Europe.
While visiting the Old Crown, take the time to explore the charming streets of Bienne's old town. The area is a delightful mix of historical buildings, quaint shops, and inviting cafes, offering a perfect backdrop for a leisurely stroll. The Old Crown itself is situated at Obergasse 1, a location that places you at the heart of this vibrant city.
In conclusion, the Old Crown stands as a beacon of Bienne's historical and cultural heritage. Its walls tell tales of transformation, resilience, and artistic endeavor, making it a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to understand the rich tapestry of Swiss history. Whether you're drawn by its architectural allure or its storied past, the Old Crown promises an unforgettable journey through time.
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