Castello di Afragola, nestled in the heart of Afragola in the Campania region of Italy, is a captivating fortress that dates back to the 14th or 15th century. This historical gem has witnessed centuries of change, serving variously as a royal stronghold, a noble residence, and even a modern educational institution. Its rich history and architectural beauty make it a must-visit for any history enthusiast or curious traveler.
The origins of Castello di Afragola are somewhat shrouded in mystery, with historical records suggesting two possible construction periods. It was either built around 1420 under the direction of the Capece-Bozzuto family or in 1337 during the reign of Robert of Anjou for the noble Durazzo family. Initially, it served as a royal fortress, a testament to its strategic importance in the region.
The first documented mention of the castle comes from the chronicler Perger, who noted that the French forces captured it in 1495 during their campaign in the Kingdom of Naples. At that time, the estate belonged to Tommaso Mansella, the lord of Afragola, and later passed to his successor, Roberto di Capua, Count of Altavilla.
Throughout its history, Castello di Afragola changed hands numerous times. In 1381, King Charles III sold it to the Capece-Bozzuto family. By 1420, during military actions against Alfonso I of Aragon, the castle was reportedly uninhabited and abandoned. It wasn't until 1444 that Nicola Maria Capece-Bozzuto sought permission from Alfonso V of Aragon to restore and fortify the castle.
Giuseppe Castaldi, a notable writer, speculated that the Capece-Bozzuto family constructed the current building around 1420, transforming it into a baronial palace complete with gardens, fountains, and residential quarters. In 1576, Paolo Bozzuto described the castle as a pleasant and large castle in a sales contract, emphasizing its grandeur and significance.
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, the castle continued to evolve. The Universitas of Afragola allowed residents to build homes near the castle and sold parts of the structure, including the conservatory, two large towers, and residential quarters with gardens, to the Grossi family. In 1685, Donato Grossi sold the castle to the parish priest of San Giorgio, Domicio Russo, for 1098 ducats.
Five years later, Russo sold a portion of the castle to Princess Caterina Morra for 1600 ducats. Her family, in turn, transferred this part to Gaetano Caracciolo del Sole, Duke of Venosa, for 1000 ducats. The Duke undertook extensive renovations, adding three more residential quarters to the castle.
By the 18th century, the castle's role began to shift. In 1798, Priest Nicola Jenco funded the construction of an orphanage dedicated to the Most Sorrowful Mother, marking a new chapter in the castle's history. The castle was sold to Jenco and the Fatigati brothers, Marco, Giuseppe, and Vincenzo, in the early 19th century. In 1823, a small church dedicated to the Most Sorrowful Mother was built nearby.
Throughout the 19th century, the castle underwent several modifications. Only one of the original two floors remained, now clad in red brick. The arch at the entrance was converted into a pizzeria, while another arch was demolished and reconstructed in 1920 during renovations by Enrico de Nicola.
Today, Castello di Afragola serves a different purpose. It houses a private kindergarten and primary school named The Most Sorrowful Mother, continuing its legacy of serving the community. Despite the changes in its function, the castle retains much of its historical charm and architectural features.
The castle is characterized by its four large towers and the remnants of a moat that once surrounded it. The entrance, now closed, originally featured an arch, a marble slab, or a two-story architrave with four arches. One of these arches, located at the base of the clock tower, was the entrance to the chapel of the Most Sorrowful Mother, which was destroyed by lightning in 1887 and later demolished at the end of the 19th century. Only a yellow brick cross remains on the facade. The other three arches were replaced by shops.
The facade of the castle still displays the grandeur of its past, with a door at the front of the tower and small balconies with base arches and windows on the first and second floors. A loggia near the entrance, supported by an arch, adds to its architectural appeal.
For visitors, Castello di Afragola offers a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Italian history. Walking through its halls and courtyards, one can almost hear the echoes of past inhabitants and imagine the castle's role in various historical events. The blend of medieval architecture and modern adaptations creates a unique atmosphere that both educates and enchants.
Whether you are a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to Castello di Afragola promises to be a memorable experience. The castle stands as a testament to the region's vibrant history and the enduring legacy of its past inhabitants. So, take a step back in time and explore the fascinating story of Castello di Afragola.
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